Layer's effect on slopes This layer has a strong effect on slopes and morphologies: Stability is a function of slope, height of slope, & strata competency Overlying layers (~40 to ~100 m thick) can be steeper because the strong layer forms the base and the stack has limited overburden pressure Underlying layers, for a certain distance, are steeper because the strong layer is a cap rock Strong layers like this, when dipping, may control sapping valleys. Easier to sap along the dip rather than against the dip.