The ID codes for 1986U10 (718), Caliban (716), Sycorax (717), and 39
spacecraft were added. In addition the following spacecraft were added:
TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION, EOS-PM1, EOS-AM1, AXAF, GEOTAIL, POLAR,
SOHO, WIND, LUNAR PROSPECTOR, MARS POLAR LANDER, MARS CLIMATE ORBITER,
MUSES-B, TOPEX/POSEIDON, PIONEER-6, PIONEER-7, PIONEER-8, PIONEER-10,
PIONEER-11, NOZOMI, SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY, STARDUST, GENESIS,
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, PLUTO EXPRESS 1, PLUTO EXPRESS 2, YOHKOH, MAP,IMAGE,
MARS SURVEYOR 01 LANDER, MARS SURVEYOR 01 ORBITER, DS-1 (low priority),
HALCA, HUYGEN PROBE, ULS.
The ID code for comets Hyakutake (1000131), comet Hale-Bopp (1000132), MGS
Simulation, Cassini Simulation and Mars 96 spacecraft were added to the list
of recognized body codes.
In SPICE, system kernel files and subroutines, ephemeris objects, reference
frames, and instruments are represented by integer codes.
An ephemeris object is any object that may have ephemeris or trajectory data such as a planet, satellite, tracking station, spacecraft, barycenter, asteroid, or comet. Each body in the solar system is associated with a unique integer code for use with SPICE. The names and codes for the planets, the major satellites, and several spacecraft are listed below.
The inertial reference frames that SPICE supports are also listed below with their integer codes. The SPICE routine CHGIRF has entry points that translate the name of a frame to its code and vice versa, as well as the entry point IRFROT which computes the matrix needed to rotate vectors between two inertial reference frames. Documentation in CHGIRF describes the definition of the various frames and gives literature references.
Spacecraft instruments are also represented by integer codes. Spacecraft integer codes are negative. These ID codes are usually derived from DSN or US Space Command tracking numbers. Instruments mounted on spacecraft also have ID codes. These are determined by multiplying the spacecraft ID by 1000 and subtracting the ordinal number of the instrument from the resulting product. Thus the spacecraft code can be recovered algorithmically from an instrument code, and each instrument may have a unique code as long as there are 999 or fewer on a spacecraft.
As the reader will see, ID codes are showing the wear that results from an expanding system. As the SPICE system has expanded so has the number of objects that require identifying codes. Many of these objects do not fit neatly into the schemes that were originally envisioned as needing ID codes. As a result, the current system is a bit eclectic. NAIF is developing mapping software that will allow the user to more easily map from common names to the ID codes used in the SPICE system.
In theory, a unique integer can be assigned to each body in the solar system,
including interplanetary spacecraft. SPICE uses integer codes instead of
names to refer to ephemeris bodies for three reasons.
The smallest positive codes are reserved for the Sun and barycenters:
NAIF Name
ID
---- ------------------------
0 Solar system barycenter
1 Mercury "
2 Venus "
3 Earth "
4 Mars "
5 Jupiter "
6 Saturn "
7 Uranus "
8 Neptune "
9 Pluto "
10 Sun "
A planet is always considered to be the 99th satellite of its own barycenter.
For example, Jupiter is body number 599. Mercury and Venus have no
satellites, so bodies 199 and 299 are the same as bodies 1 and 2. For all
practical purposes, this is true for Mars (499 and 4) as well.
NAIF Name ID ----- ------------- 199 Mercury 299 Venus 399 Earth 499 Mars 599 Jupiter 699 Saturn 799 Uranus 899 Neptune 999 PlutoThe code for a satellite is normally computed by adding its IAU designation to 100 times the code for its barycenter. For example, Ananke, the 12th satellite of Jupiter (JXII), is body number 512. (Note that the fragments of comet Shoemaker Levy 9 are an exception to this rule.)
NAIF Name IAU IAU ID Number Designation ----- ---------- ----------- ------------ 301 Moon 401 Phobos MI 402 Deimos MII 501 Io JI 502 Europa JII 503 Ganymede JIII 504 Callisto JIV 505 Amalthea JV 506 Himalia JVI 507 Elara JVII 508 Pasiphae JVIII 509 Sinope JIX 510 Lysithea JX 511 Carme JXI 512 Ananke JXII 513 Leda JXIII 514 Thebe JXIV (1979J2) 515 Adrastea JXV (1979J1) 516 Metis JXVI (1979J3) 601 Mimas SI 602 Enceladus SII 603 Tethys SIII 604 Dione SIV 605 Rhea SV 606 Titan SVI 607 Hyperion SVII 608 Iapetus SVIII 609 Phoebe SIX 610 Janus SX (1980S1) 611 Epimetheus SXI (1980S3) 612 Helene SXII (1980S6) 613 Telesto SXIII (1980S13) 614 Calypso SXIV (1980S25) 615 Atlas SXV (1980S28) 616 Prometheus SXVI (1980S27) 617 Pandora SXVII (1980S26) 618 Pan SXVIII (1981S13) 701 Ariel UI 702 Umbriel UII 703 Titania UIII 704 Oberon UIV 705 Miranda UV 706 Cordelia UVI (1986U7) 707 Ophelia UVII (1986U8) 708 Bianca UVIII (1986U9) 709 Cressida UIX (1986U3) 710 Desdemona UX (1986U6) 711 Juliet UXI (1986U2) 712 Portia UXII (1986U1) 713 Rosalind UXIII (1986U4) 714 Belinda UXIV (1986U5) 715 Puck UXV (1985U1) 716 Caliban UXVI 717 Sycorax UXVII 718 1986U10 UXVIII 801 Triton NI 802 Nereid NII 803 Naiad NIII (1989N6) 804 Thalassa NIV (1989N5) 805 Despina NV (1989N3) 806 Galatea NVI (1989N4) 807 Larissa NVII (1989N2) 808 Proteus NVIII (1989N1) 851* Proteus NVIII (1989N1) 852* Larissa NVII (1989N2) 853* Despina NV (1989N3) 854* Galatea NVI (1989N4) 855* Thalassa NIV (1989N5) 856* Naiad NIII (1989N6) 901 Charon PI (1978P1) * = Interim NAIF ID codes used immediately after the Voyager II discovery of these satellites. These numbers are now obsolete and not used.
Negative codes are used for spacecraft. For interplanetary spacecraft the
code assigned to a particular spacecraft is normally just the negative of the
code assigned to the same spacecraft by JPL's Deep Space Network (DSN).
Integer codes have been assigned for the following spacecraft:
NAIF Name
ID
----- ---------------------------
-1 Geotail
-6 Pioneer-6
-7 Pioneer-7
-8 WIND
-13 Polar
-20 Pioneer-8
-21 SOHO
-23 Pioneer-10
-24 Pioneer-11
-25 Lunar Prospector
-29 Stardust
-30, DS-1
-47 Genesis
-48 Hubble Space Telescope, HST
-53 Mars Surveyor 01 Orbiter
-53 Mars Pathfinder
-55 ULS
-55 Ulysses
-58 VSOP
-58 HALCA
-59 Radioastron
-66 Vega 1
-67 Vega 2
-77 Galileo Orbiter
-78 Giotto
-79 Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF
-81 Cassini ITL
-82 Cassini
-84 Mars Surveyor 01 Lander
-90 Cassini Simulation
-93 Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
-94 Mars Global Surveyor
-95 Mars Global Surveyor Simulation
-97 Topex/Poseidon
-107 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM
-112 ICE
-116 Mars Polar Lander, MPL
-127 Mars Climate Orbiter, MCO
-142 EOS-AM1
-150 Cassini Huygens Probe
-150 Huygen Probe, CASP
-151 AXAF
-154 EOS-PM1
-164 YOHKOH, SOLAR-A
-165 MAP
-166 IMAGE
-178 NOZOMI, PLANET-B
-188 MUSES-B
-200 Pluto Express 1, PEX1
-202 Pluto Express 2, PEX2
-344 Galileo Probe
-550 Mars-96
Note that the IDs codes -58 and -94 were previously assigned to
Phobos 2 and Mars Observer respectively.
If an Earth orbiting spacecraft has not been given a DSN identifying code,
its NAIF ID is derived from the tracking ID assigned to it by the US Space
Command. Subtract the Space Command tracking ID from -100000 to obtain the
The NAIF ID. For example the Space Command code for the NOAA 9 spacecraft is
15427. The NAIF ID code for this spacecraft is -115427.
In July, 1992 Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 passed close enough to the planet
Jupiter that it was torn apart by gravitational tidal forces. As a result it
became a satellite of Jupiter. However, in July 1994 the remnants of
Shoemaker Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. Consequently, the fragments existed
as satellites of Jupiter for only two years. These fragments have been given
the NAIF ID's listed below. Unfortunately, there have been two competing
conventions selected for identifying the fragments of the comet. In one
convention the fragments have been assigned numbers 1 through 21. In the
second convention the fragments have been assigned letters A through W (with
I and O left out). To add to the confusion, the ordering for the numbers is
reversed from the letter ordering. Fragment 21 corresponds to letter A;
fragment 20 to letter B and so on. Fragment A was the first of the fragments
to collide with Jupiter; fragment W was the last to collide with Jupiter.
The original fragments P and Q subdivided further creating the fragments P2 and Q1.
NAIF Fragment of ID Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 --------- ----------------------------------- 50000023 Fragment 8b --- Shoemaker Levy 9-P2 50000022 Fragment 7a --- Shoemaker Levy 9-Q1 50000021 Fragment 21 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-A 50000020 Fragment 20 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-B 50000019 Fragment 19 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-C 50000018 Fragment 18 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-D 50000017 Fragment 17 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-E 50000016 Fragment 16 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-F 50000015 Fragment 15 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-G 50000014 Fragment 14 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-H 50000013 Fragment 13 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-J 50000012 Fragment 12 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-K 50000011 Fragment 11 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-L 50000010 Fragment 10 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-M 50000009 Fragment 9 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-N 50000008 Fragment 8 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-P 50000007 Fragment 7 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-Q 50000006 Fragment 6 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-R 50000005 Fragment 5 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-S 50000004 Fragment 4 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-T 50000003 Fragment 3 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-U 50000002 Fragment 2 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-V 50000001 Fragment 1 --- Shoemaker Levy 9-W
A new numbering scheme has been adopted for periodic comets. ID codes for
comets begin at 1000001 and continue in sequence indefinitely. (The current
numbering scheme assumes that there will not be a need for more than one
million comet ID codes.) The current list of periodic comets and their ID
codes are given below. As new periodic comets are discovered, this list will
be expanded. The ID codes for a new comet will be formed by adding one to the
last comet id in the current SPICE list. As you can see the first portion of
the list is in alphabetical order. However, this pattern breaks down at ID
code 1000112. This reflects the fact that new periodic comets have been
discovered after the first 111 comets had been identified. If you don't find
the comet you are interested in in the first 111 comets listed look at the
last 28 to see if you can find the comet of interest.
Finally, note that Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 is included in this list (ID code 1000130) though it is no longer a periodic comet. It was an identified periodic comet, prior to its breakup, which accounts for its inclusion in this list.
1000001 Arend 1000002 Arend-Rigaux 1000003 Ashbrook-Jackson 1000004 Boethin 1000005 Borrelly 1000006 Bowell-Skiff 1000007 Bradfield 1000008 Brooks 2 1000009 Brorsen-Metcalf 1000010 Bus 1000011 Chernykh 1000012 Churyumov-Gerasimenko 1000013 Ciffreo 1000014 Clark 1000015 Comas Sola 1000016 Crommelin 1000017 D'Arrest 1000018 Daniel 1000019 De Vico-Swift 1000020 Denning-Fujikawa 1000021 Du Toit 1 1000022 Du Toit-Hartley 1000023 Dutoit-Neujmin-Delporte 1000024 Dubiago 1000025 Encke 1000026 Faye 1000027 Finlay 1000028 Forbes 1000029 Gehrels 1 1000030 Gehrels 2
1000031 Gehrels 3 1000032 Giacobini-Zinner 1000033 Giclas 1000034 Grigg-Skjellerup 1000035 Gunn 1000036 Halley 1000037 Haneda-Campos 1000038 Harrington 1000039 Harrington-Abell 1000040 Hartley 1 1000041 Hartley 2 1000042 Hartley-Iras 1000043 Herschel-Rigollet 1000044 Holmes 1000045 Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 1000046 Howell 1000047 Iras 1000048 Jackson-Neujmin 1000049 Johnson 1000050 Kearns-Kwee 1000051 Klemola 1000052 Kohoutek 1000053 Kojima 1000054 Kopff 1000055 Kowal 1 1000056 Kowal 2 1000057 Kowal-Mrkos 1000058 Kowal-Vavrova 1000059 Longmore 1000060 Lovas 1
1000061 Machholz 1000062 Maury 1000063 Neujmin 1 1000064 Neujmin 2 1000065 Neujmin 3 1000066 Olbers 1000067 Peters-Hartley 1000068 Pons-Brooks 1000069 Pons-Winnecke 1000070 Reinmuth 1 1000071 Reinmuth 2 1000072 Russell 1 1000073 Russell 2 1000074 Russell 3 1000075 Russell 4 1000076 Sanguin 1000077 Schaumasse 1000078 Schuster 1000079 Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 1000080 Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 1000081 Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 1000082 Shajn-Schaldach 1000083 Shoemaker 1 1000084 Shoemaker 2 1000085 Shoemaker 3 1000086 Singer-Brewster 1000087 Slaughter-Burnham 1000088 Smirnova-Chernykh 1000089 Stephan-Oterma 1000090 Swift-Gehrels
1000091 Takamizawa 1000092 Taylor 1000093 Tempel 1 1000094 Tempel 2 1000095 Tempel-Tuttle 1000096 Tritton 1000097 Tsuchinshan 1 1000098 Tsuchinshan 2 1000099 Tuttle 1000100 Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 1000101 Vaisala 1 1000102 Van Biesbroeck 1000103 Van Houten 1000104 West-Kohoutek-Ikemura 1000105 Whipple 1000106 Wild 1 1000107 Wild 2 1000108 Wild 3 1000109 Wirtanen 1000110 Wolf 1000111 Wolf-Harrington
1000112 Lovas 2 1000113 Urata-Niijima 1000114 Wiseman-Skiff 1000115 Helin 1000116 Mueller 1000117 Shoemaker-Holt 1 1000118 Helin-Roman-Crockett 1000119 Hartley 3 1000120 Parker-Hartley 1000121 Helin-Roman-Alu 1 1000122 Wild 4 1000123 Mueller 2 1000124 Mueller 3 1000125 Shoemaker-Levy 1 1000126 Shoemaker-Levy 2 1000127 Holt-Olmstead 1000128 Metcalf-Brewington 1000129 Levy 1000130 Shoemaker-Levy 9 1000131 Hyakutake 1000132 Hale-Bopp
Codes for numbered asteroids from the JPL Asteroid and Comet Catalog [166.0]
are created by adding the asteroid number to 2000000 (two million) For
example, asteroid Yeomans (2956) is body number 2002956. The complete list of
asteroids is far too numerous (over 4000 identified asteroids) to include
here. However, we have included the NAIF ID codes for the most commonly
requested asteroids below:
NAIF Name ID -------- --------------- 2000253 Mathilde 2000433 Eros 2009969 Braille (1992KD) 2004015 Wilson-HarringtonThere are three exceptions to the rule---asteroids Gaspra, Ida and Ida's satellite which were visited by the Galileo spacecraft. The ID codes for these asteroids were determined using an older numbering convention that has now been abandoned by the SPICE system. The ID codes for these specific asteroids are given below.
NAIF Name ID -------- --------------- 2431010 Ida 2431011 Ida's Satellite 9511010 GaspraAt the time of this writing the orbit of Ida's moon has not been determined. However, in anticipation of this determination, Ida's satellite has been assigned the NAIF ID code 2431011.
Note that if more than 431010 asteroids are ever identified and catalogued there will arise a conflict between the new numbering system and the ID code for Ida. At that time NAIF (or its successor) will need to add yet another exception to the numbering system for asteroids.
The SPICE system accommodates ephemerides for tracking stations and landed
spacecraft. Currently the following four earth tracking station sites are
supported. Note that these refer only to the general geographic location of
the various tracking sites.
NAIF Name ID ----- --------------------------- 399001 Goldstone 399002 Canberra 399003 Madrid 399004 UsudaFor actual DSN tracking stations, the following NAIF ID codes have been assigned.
399005 PARKES 399005 DSS-05 399012 DSS-12 399013 DSS-13 399014 DSS-14 399015 DSS-15 399016 DSS-16 399017 DSS-17 399023 DSS-23 399024 DSS-24 399025 DSS-25 399026 DSS-26 399027 DSS-27 399028 DSS-28 399033 DSS-33 399034 DSS-34 399042 DSS-42 399043 DSS-43 399045 DSS-45 399046 DSS-46 399053 DSS-53 399054 DSS-54 399061 DSS-61 399063 DSS-63 399065 DSS-65 399066 DSS-66
Every state vector returned from an ephemeris must be referenced to a
recognized inertial reference frame. This requirement ensures that primitive
states from different ephemerides can be combined to create more general
states. (By forbidding states referenced to dynamically defined frames, this
requirement also ensures that the ephemeris data stored in a file cannot be
modified by definitions stored outside the file.)
The inertial reference frames to which states may be referenced fall into three general catagories.
Index Name Description
----- -------- -------------------------------------------
1 J2000 Earth mean equator, dynamical equinox of J2000
2 B1950 Earth mean equator, dynamical equinox of B1950
3 FK4 Fundamental Catalog (4)
4 DE-118 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (118)
5 DE-96 JPL Developmental Ephemeris ( 96)
6 DE-102 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (102)
7 DE-108 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (108)
8 DE-111 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (111)
9 DE-114 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (114)
10 DE-122 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (122)
11 DE-125 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (125)
12 DE-130 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (130)
13 GALACTIC Galactic System II
14 DE-200 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (200)
15 DE-202 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (202)
16 MARSIAU Mars Mean Equator and IAU vector of J2000*
17 ECLIPJ2000 Ecliptic coordinates based upon the J2000 frame
18 ECLIPB1950 Ecliptic coordinates based upon the B1950 frame
19 DE-140 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (140)
20 DE-142 JPL Developmental Ephemeris (142)
*The IAU-vector at Mars is the point on the mean equator of
Mars where the equator ascends through the earth mean
equator. This vector is the cross product of Earth mean
north with Mars mean north.
The module header for IRFROT always contains the definitive list of
recognized frames.
As an example, to rotate a position vector from FK4 coordinates to J2000 coordinates,
CALL IRFROT ( 3, 1, ROT ) CALL MXV ( ROT, OLD, NEW )(ROT is a 3-by-3 matrix, OLD and NEW are 3-vectors; subroutine MXV multiplies a matrix and a vector to produce a vector.)
Two additional subroutines can be used to convert names to numbers (indexes) and vice versa. To find the index of the DE-125 frame (the length of the string "DE-125" is 6),
CALL IRFNUM ( 'DE-125', NUMBER )To find the name corresponding to index 6,
CALL IRFNAM ( 6, NAME )
The ID code used to identify the on-board clock of a spacecraft (spacecraft
clock or SCLK) in SPICE software is the same as the ID code of the
spacecraft. This convention assumes that only one clock is used onboard a
spacecraft to control all observations and spacecraft functions. However,
missions are envisioned in which instruments may have clocks that are not
tightly coupled to the clock that is used to maintain and control a
spacecraft. When this situation arises the correspondence between clocks and
spacecraft will be broken and more than one clock ID code will be associated
with a mission. It is anticipated that the I-kernel will contain the
information needed to associated the appropriate clock with a particular
instrument.
In cooperation with the science teams from each flight project, NAIF assigns
instrument codes. The instruments are simply enumerated via some project
convention to arrive at a project ''instrument number.'' Using this
instrument number the ID code for the instrument is determined using the
following formula.
NAIF s/c instrument code = (s/c code)*(1000) - instrument numberThis allows for 999 instruments on board any one spacecraft. For example, the Voyager 2 instruments could have been given these IDs:
-32000 Instrument Scan Platform
-32001 ISSNA (Imaging science narrow angle camera)
-32002 ISSWA (Imaging science wide angle camera)
-32003 PPS (Photopolarimeter)
-32004 UVSAG (Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Airglow port)
-32005 UVSOCC (Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Occultation port)
-32006 IRIS (Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and
Radiometer)
Include here a list of all mission instruments that we have information for.
The term ``instrument'' is used loosely to mean a science instrument or structural part of a spacecraft to which the concept of orientation is applicable. For example, some of the Galileo instruments are in a fixed position relative to the scan platform. It might therefore be prudent to have a file containing the orientation of the scan platform, and then produce the pointing for each of the scan platform science instruments by applying instrument offset angles. Thus an integer code would be required for the scan platform.
The instrument ID codes for the various instruments for which codes have been assigned are listed below.
Clementine instrument ID codes:
ID code Structure or Instrument ------- ------------------------ -40000 Instrument Mounting platform -40001 HIRES (High resolution imager) -40002 UVVIS (Ultraviolet Visible Camera) -40003 NIR (Near Infrared Camera) -40004 LWIRR (Long Wavelenght Infrared Camera) -40005 LIDAR (Laser ranger) -40006 ASTAR (Star tracker A) -40007 BSTAR (Star tracker B)Mars Observer instrument ID codes:
ID code Structure or Instrument ------- ------------------------ -94000 Instrument Mounting platform -94010 TES (Thermal Emission Spectrometer) -94020 PMIRR (Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer) -94030 MOC (Mars Observer Camera) -94040 MOLA (Mars Observer Laser Altimeter) -94050 MAG (Magnetometer) -94060 GRS (Gamma Ray Spectrometer)Galileo Orbiter instrument ID codes:
ID code Structure or Instrument ------- ------------------------ -77000 Rotor. -77001 Scan platform. -77023 PWS (Plasma Wave Subsystem) -77024 EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer Subsystem) -77025 EPD (Energetic Particles Detector Subsystem) -77027 PPR (Photo Polarimeter Radiometer Subsystem) -77028 HIC (Heavy Ion Counter Subsystem) -77029 DDS (Dust Detector Subsystem) -77032 PLS (Plasma Subsystem) -77034 UVS (Ultraviolet Spectrometer Subsystem) -77035 MAG (Magnetometer Subsystem) -77036 SSI (Solid State Imaging Subsystem) -77037 NIMS (Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Subsystem)