psmeca
psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
SYNOPSIS
psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [-Btick
info] [-Cpen] [-Ddepmin/depmax] [-Efill] [-Gfill] [-H[n]]
[-K] [-Lpen] [-M] [-N] [-O] [-P] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]]
[-Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]] [-U[label]] [-V] [-Wpen] [-Xx-
shift] [-Yy-shift] [-Zcptfile] [-z] [-a<size> [P_sym
bol>[T_symbol]] [-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [-:]
[-ccopies]
DESCRIPTION
psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input]
and generates PostScript code that will plot focal mecha
nisms on a map. Most options are the same as for psxy.
The PostScript code is written to standard output.
ARGUMENTS
files List one or more file-names. If no files are given,
psvelomeca will read standard input.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT (upper case modifier).
UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending on the MEA
SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending the c,
i, or m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori
gin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and
standard parallel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and azimuth)
-Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique Mercator -
two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
(Plate Carree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa
tor as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set
origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log,
and power scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap man
pages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of
interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min
utes [and seconds], use the dd:mm[:ss] format.
Append r if lower left and upper right map coordi
nates are given instead of wesn. -SSelects the
meaning of the columns in the data file
In order to use the same file to plot cross-sec
tions, depth is in third column. Nevetheless, it
is possible to use "old style" psvelomeca input
files without depth in third column using -o
option.
-Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mecha
nisms in Aki and Richard convention. scale adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
is the size for magnitude = 5. in inch (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T option to ren
der the beach ball transparent by drawing only the
nodal planes and the circumference. The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
the following columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6 strike, dip and rake in degrees
7 magnitude
8,9 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
10 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in
Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the
radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to
the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that
is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball
transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the cir
cumference. The color or shade of the compressive quad
rants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6 strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
7,8,9 strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
10,11 mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
12,13 longitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot
the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
14 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment ten
sor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the
scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for mag
nitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-
cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
-Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
couple part of moment tensor. Put -Szscale[/font
size[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of moment ten
sor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color
or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
cm
10 exponent
11,12 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
13 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms
given with partial data on both palnes. scale adjusts the
scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for mag
nitude = 5 in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).
The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be
specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5 strike, dip of plane 1
6 strike of plane 2
7 must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8 magnitude
9,10 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
11 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis.
scale adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will
be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for
magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23
dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).
(-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.)
Put -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only
double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot zero trace
moment tensor. The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color
or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
T, N, P axis.
13 exponent
14,15 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated argu
ments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
for details. -C[pen][Ppointsize] Offsets focal
mechanisms to the latitude and longitude specified
in the last two columns of the input file. Default
is default pen.
A small circle is plotted at the initial location.
Add P<pointsize value> to change the size of the
circle.0);
-D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and
depmax.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usu
ally white. Set the shade (0255) or color (r/g/b)
[Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By
convention, the compressional quadrants of the
focal mechanism beach balls are shaded. Set the
shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].
-L[pen] Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen
attributes. Default is black. pen attributes.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame
boundary specified by -R [Default plots symbols
inside frame only]. -T[num_of_plane] Plots the
nodal planes and outline the bubble which is trans
parent.
num_of_plane equal 0 : both nodal planes are
plotted;
num_of_plane equal 1 : the only first nodal
plane is plotted;
num_of_plane equal 2 : the only second nodal
plane is plotted; -W Set default pen attributes.
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
solid]. -Zcptfile Give a color palette file and
let compressive part color be determined by the z-
value in the third column.
bol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axis. - axis_sym
bol_size in inch [default is 0.2 cm or 0.08
inches]. inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended)
- default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) dia
mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
(s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the
shade (0255) or color (r/g/b). Default is white.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the
shade (0255) or color (r/g/b). Default black.
-p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using default pen
(see -W), or sets pen attributes.
sp. -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using default
pen (see -W), or sets pen attributes.
EXAMPLES
The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mech
anism:
psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 .br -Sc0.4 -H1 >!
test.ps
lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp
plon plat
239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0
0
END
SEE ALSO
gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psxy(l)
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press,
1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman,
1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
Princeton, 1998, p.167.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal
Lines for P, Sh and Sv
Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan
uary-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology,
Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan
nery, Numerical Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr) "
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