pscoupe
pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.
SYNOPSIS
pscoupe files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north
-Aparameters
[ -Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [ -K ] [ -Lpen
] [-M] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]]
[s<symbol><size>[/d]] [ -Tn ] [ -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen
] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [ -Z<cpt> ] [-a<size>
[P_symbol>[T_symbol]] [-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [
-: ] [ -#copies ]
DESCRIPTION
pscoupe reads data values from files [or standard input]
and generates PostScript code that will plot symbols,
lines or polygons on a cross-section. Focal mechanisms
may be specified and require additional columns of data.
The PostScript code is written to standard output.
files list one or more file-names. If no files are given,
pscoupe will read standard input.
A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and
the mechamism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal
plane, to half-sphere behind a vertical plane). When the
plane is not horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards
steepest descent direction of the plane (u) - east direc
tion becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down
direction (= north^east) becomes u^s
Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal
plane in the new system.
Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up,
south, east) is defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system. A file
is created with extracted events.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT (upper case modifier).
UNIT is cm, inch, or m, depending on the MEA
SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
overridden on the command line by appending the c,
i, or m to the scale/width value.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
-Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
-Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori
gin)
-Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator - Give meridian and
standard parallel)
-Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale (Oblique Mercator -
two points)
-Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique Mercator -
point and pole)
-Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
(Plate Carree))
-Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa
tor as y = 0)
-Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, set
origin)
-Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
-Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
-Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
-Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
-Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
-Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)
CONIC PROJECTIONS:
-Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
-Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
-Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)
MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:
-Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
-Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
-Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
-Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
-Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
-Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
-Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:
-Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
-Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear, log,
and power scaling)
More details can be found in the psbasemap man
pages.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of
interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min
utes [and seconds], use the dd:mm[:ss] format.
Append r if lower left and upper right map coordi
nates are given instead of wesn. If frame is
defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this
option is not taken into account, but must be pre
-Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of
points 1 and 2 limiting the length ot the cross-
section.
dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-sec
tion is made.
p_width is the width of the cross-section on each
side of a vertical plane or above and under an
oblic plane.
dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from
horizontal plane, along steepest descent direction.
Add f to get the frame from the cross-section
parameters.
-Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the
beginning of the cross-section.
strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-
section.
p_length is the length along which the cross-sec
tion is made.
The other parameters are the same as for -Aa
option.
-Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coor
dinates.
-Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coor
dinates.
-S selects the meaning of the columns in the data
file and the figure to be plotted.
-Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms
in Aki and Richard convention.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5. in
MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of
cm, inch, meter, or point, respectively). Use the
-T option to render the beach ball transparent by
drawing only the nodal planes and the circumfer
ence. The color or shade of the compressive quad
rants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with
the -E option. Parameters are expected to be in
the following columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
7: magnitude
8,9: not used; can be 0 0; it is to used the same file
as for psmeca.
10: text string to appear above the beach ball default) or
under (add u).
-Scscale. Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.
scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4E+23 dynes-
cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is appended to
indicate that the size information is in units of cm,
inch, meter, or point, respectively). Use the -T option
to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the
nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3: depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1
7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2
10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if
magnitude is uses instead of scalar moment, magnitude is
in column 10 and 0 must be in column 11)
12,13: not used; can be 0 0; it is to used the same file
as for psmeca.
14: text string to appear above the beach ball (default)
or under (add u).
-Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms given
with partial data on both planes. scale adjusts the scal
ing of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be pro
portional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magni
tude = 5. in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended to indicate that the size information is in units
of cm, inch, meter, or point, respectively). The color or
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns:
1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges
order)
3: depth
4,5: strike, dip of plane 1
6: strike of plane 2
7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8: magnitude
9,10: not used; can be 0 0; it is to use the same file
as for psmeca.
11: text string to appear above the beach ball (default)
or under (add u).
-Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment tensor.
scale ad justs the scaling of the radius of the "beach
ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar
moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
or p is appended to indicate that the size information is
in units of cm, inch, meter, or point, respectively).
(-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.)
Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only dou
ble couple part of moment tensor. Put -Szscale[/font
size[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of moment ten
sor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color
or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
cm
10 exponent
for psmeca.
13 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
-Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis. scale
adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beachball",
which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the
size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment =
4*10e+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p
is appended to indicate that the size information is in
units of cm, inch, meter, or point, respectively). (-T0
option overlays best double couple transparently.) Put
-Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
couple part of moment tensor. Put -Stscale[/font
size[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of moment ten
sor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color
or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E
option. Parameters are expected to be in the following
columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option inter
changes order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
T, N, P axis.
13 exponent
14,15 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball.
Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
beach ball at the latitude, longitude given in
columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(optional).
-ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] selects symbol
instead of mechanism.
Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d)
diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t) triangle,
(x) cross. Parameters are expected to be in the
following columns
3 depth of event in kilometers
4 Text string to appear above the beach ball
(default) or under (add u).
If size must be read, size must be in column 4 and
Text string starts in column 5.
scale is the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended to indicate that the size
information is in units of cm, inch, meter, or
point, respectively).
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated
arguments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
for details.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usu
ally white. Set the shade (0255) or color (r/g/b)
[Default is 255/255/255].
-G selects filling of focal mechanisms. By conven
tion, the compressional quadrants are shaded. Set
the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is
0/0/0]. Optionally, specify -Gpicon_size/pattern,
where pattern gives the number of the image pattern
(1-32) OR the name of a icon-format file.
icon_size sets the unit size in inches. To invert
black and white pixels, use -GP instead of -Gp. See
Appendix E for information on individual patterns.
-H Input file(s) has Header record(s). Number of
header records can be changed by editing your .gmt
defaults file. If used, GMT default is 1 header
record.
-K More PostScript code will be appended later
[Default terminates the plot system].
-L Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen
(see -W) or sets pen attributes..
-M
Same size for any magnitude.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map bor
der [Default plots points inside border only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode [Default initializes a
new plot system].
Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].
-T[num_of_plane] Plots the nodal planes and outline
the bubble which is transparent.
default num_of_plane is 0 : both nodal planes
are plotted;
num_of_plane equal 1 : the only first nodal
plane is plotted;
num_of_plane equal 2 : the only second nodal
plane is plotted;
-U Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec
ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
fall on the page relative to lower left corner of
plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which will
plot the command string.). The GMT parameters
UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the appear
ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.
-V Selects verbose mode, which will send progress
reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"]. -W
set pen attributes for text string or default pen
attribute for fault plane edges.
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture =
solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift). Prepend
a for absolute coordinates; the default (r) will
reset plot origin. -Zcptfile Give a color palette
file and let compressive part color be determined
by the z-value in the third column.
-a[axis_symbol_size[P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axis. - axis_sym
bol_size in user unit [default is 0.2 cm or 0.08
inches].
- default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) dia
mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
(s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the
shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of
extensive parts.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the
shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of
compressive parts.
-p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using current pen
(see -W), or sets pen attributes.
sp. -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using current
tude,longitude) input/output. [Default is (longi
tude,latitude)]. Applies to geographic coordinates
only.
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
SEE ALSO
gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psmeca(l), psxy(l) REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press,
1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman,
1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
Princeton, 1998, p.167. Definition of scalar moment.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal
Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan
uary-February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology,
Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan
nery, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University press
(routine jacobi)
AUTHOR
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)
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